{"id":389,"date":"2017-11-27T10:59:18","date_gmt":"2017-11-27T13:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en-ingles.com.ar\/blog\/?p=389"},"modified":"2018-01-20T23:34:13","modified_gmt":"2018-01-21T02:34:13","slug":"practicing-important-important-practice-use-gerunds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en-ingles.com.ar\/blog\/2017\/11\/27\/practicing-important-important-practice-use-gerunds\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cPracticing is important. It is important to practice! How and when to use gerunds."},"content":{"rendered":"

Gerunds are formed as a verb plus<\/a> -ing. They look exactly the same as present participles<\/a>, but they are not verbs<\/span>! They are used as nouns.
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I am swimming. (continuous verb)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I love swimming. (gerund)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Knowing when to use a gerund is one of the most complicated parts of English. Here we will try to make it a bit less complicated by naming all<\/em> of the times that a gerund should be used. You should notice that we use gerunds when a verb is used in place of a noun.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Test-yourself section at the end of article<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Subject <\/strong>(The main actor in a sentence)<\/span><\/p>\n

Gerunds can be the subject of a sentence:<\/span><\/p>\n

Eating<\/span> vegetables is good for you.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Choosing<\/span> the right colour takes time.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

If these sentences are reversed then \u2018to eat\u2019 and \u2018to choose\u2019 become objects<\/u>, and so we do not use a gerund:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It is good for you to eat<\/span> vegetables.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 It takes time to choose<\/span> the right colour.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(Note: Using the infinitive as a subject is not wrong<\/em>, it is just less common, and often sounds more literary \u2013 \u201cTo be, or not to be? That is the question!\u201d)<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) After prepositions<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Prepositions are words like as, in, on, about, after, by <\/em><\/strong>or next to<\/em><\/strong> that show the relationship between one thing and another. After a preposition, a verb transforms into a gerund:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I am interested in learning<\/span> more about gerunds.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mary is scared of flying.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 I look forward to seeing<\/span> you next week.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n


\n(3) After some verbs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, the previous two examples (using gerund as a subject<\/u>, and after a preposition<\/u>) are the only concrete examples of when to use a gerund.<\/span><\/p>\n

The other major use of gerunds is after a verb<\/span>, however, it is only sometimes true. There are other verbs that must be<\/strong> followed by an infinitive<\/span> and there are others where you can use either<\/span> a gerund or an infinitive:<\/span><\/p>\n

I recommend going<\/span> to the museum. (must be gerund after ‘recommend’)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I want to go<\/span> to the museum. (must be infinitive after ‘want’)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I like going<\/span> to museums.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I like to go<\/span> to museums. (either gerund or infinitive)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gerunds<\/strong> are often<\/u> used when actions are\u00a0real,\u00a0fixed, or\u00a0completed<\/span>. “I\u00a0enjoy\u00a0cooking<\/span>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Infinitives<\/strong> are often<\/u> used when actions are\u00a0unreal,\u00a0abstract, or\u00a0future<\/span>: “He\u00a0wants\u00a0to swim<\/span>.”<\/span><\/p>\n

Some verbs that must<\/strong> be followed by a gerund:
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Acknowledge; Admit; Appreciate; Avoid; Be worth (It\u2019s worth writing<\/span> this down); Celebrate; Confess; Consider; Defend; Enjoy; Explain; Fear; Finish; Forgive; Give up (stop); Keep; Mention; Mind (almost always negative); Miss; Permit: Postpone: Practice; Prevent: Recommend: Resist: Resume; Risk; Suggest; Support; Tolerate; Understand<\/span><\/p>\n

I don’t mind picking up<\/span> the kids from school.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I understand putting<\/span> a gerund after the verbs above is necessary.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

These are a few verbs that can be followed by either<\/span> a gerund or infinitive without<\/span> a change in meaning:<\/span><\/p>\n

Begin; Can’t stand; Continue; Hate; Like; Love; Prefer; Propose; Start<\/span><\/p>\n

I will continue taking<\/span> photography classes next year.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

I will continue to take<\/span> photography classes next year.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Lastly<\/strong>, we have a very small selection of verbs where either a gerund or infinitive can follow a verb, with<\/span> a change in meaning:<\/span><\/p>\n

John remembered to go<\/span> to the doctor. (John didn’t forget to go to the doctor)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

John remembered going<\/span> to the doctor. (John thought about when he had gone to the doctor)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

She quit to be<\/span> healthy. (She stopped doing something in order to be healthy)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

She quit being<\/span> healthy. (She stopped being healthy)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

I regret telling<\/span> you. (I wish I hadn’t told you that I lost my job)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

I regret to tell<\/span> you that I lost my job. (I am telling you, now, that I lost my job)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Samina forgot to put<\/span> the oven on. (Samina didn’t put the oven on)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Samina forgot putting<\/span> the oven on. (Samina did put the oven on, and the forgot about it!)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Of course, in real life, we don\u2019t have time to start considering the grammatical structure of a sentence before speaking. The only way that you will master when to use a gerund is by practising as much as possible.<\/p>\n

I have one final piece of advice about gerunds; if you are not sure, use an infinitive<\/span>. This is because if you use an infinitive where a gerund should be, it is understandable, but, if you use a gerund where and infinitive should be, you may see a very confused look on the face of the person you are talking to!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Test Yourself!<\/span><\/p>\n

Insert a gerund or an infinitive in each sentence:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0_________\u00a0 is fun! (Read)<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0It is fun ________ . (Read)<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. James doesn’t eat before _________ football. (Play)<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. The children said what they want _________ when they grow up. (Be)<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Annabel decided ________ house. (Move)<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. I am thinking about __________ a business. (Starting)<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. Would you mind __________ me with my project? (Help)<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Amy hates __________ long distances. (Drive)<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. You have to forgive Charles for ___________ your birthday. (Forget)<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. Don’t you enjoy _________? (Cook)<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. All my life I have wanted ___________ this moment! (Witness)<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. He knew she was there by _________ her perfume. (Smell)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \n
    1. \u00a0Reading is fun! (Read) Subject = Gerund<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. \u00a0It is fun to read . (Read) Object = Infinitive<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. James doesn’t eat before playing football. (Play) Gerund after preposition<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. The children said what they want to be when they grow up. (Be) Infinitive after verb ‘to want’<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. Annabel decided to move house. (Move) Infinitive after verb ‘to decide’<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. I am thinking about starting a business. (Starting) Gerund after preposition<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. Would you mind helping me with my project? (Help) Gerund after verb ‘to mind’<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. Amy hates driving long distances. (Drive) EITHER gerund OR infinitive after\u00a0 verb ‘to hate’<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. You have to forgive Charles for forgetting your birthday. (Forget) Gerund after preposition<\/span><\/li>\n
    10. Don’t you enjoy cooking? (Cook) Gerund after verb ‘to enjoy’<\/span><\/li>\n
    11. All my life I have wanted to witness this moment! (Witness) Infinitive after verb ‘to want’<\/span><\/li>\n
    12. He knew she was there by smelling her perfume. (Smell) Gerund after preposition<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      What do you think is the difference between these two sentences?<\/span><\/p>\n

      I tried putting more flour in the mixture.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

      I tried to put more flour in the mixture.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n


      \nLeave your answer in the comments section!\u00a0<\/span>
      \n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Gerunds are formed as a verb plus -ing. They look exactly the same as present participles, but they are not verbs! They are used as nouns. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0I am swimming. (continuous...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[184,185,60,188,187,186],"class_list":["post-389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-english-learning","tag-gerund","tag-ing","tag-practice","tag-practicing","tag-practising","tag-when"],"yoast_head":"\n\u201cPracticing is important. 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